基于单片机与GSM模块的烟雾报警器的设计

基于单片机与GSM模块的烟雾报警器的设计(任务书,论文14000字)
摘  要
随着国家经济的发展和人民生活质量的提升，城市人口密度不断增加，家居环境中用火用电量持续增大，家用设备中潜在的火灾隐患也在不断增大。火灾的危害是致命的，往往会造成巨大的财产损失，给人民带来生命的威胁，减少这些损失的最佳方法就是尽快采取应对措施，因此，具有独立工作能力的火灾监测系统对于家庭环境是非常必要的。
本设计选择烟雾传感器作为系统的信号采集部分，来检测环境中烟雾浓度状况。传感器在检测过程中，会不断输出相应的模拟电压信号，经过A/D转换电路处理后输出相应的数字信号到单片机处理。当环境中的烟雾浓度超出一定范围时，单片机会控制蜂鸣器响，指示灯亮，实现声光报警的功能，与此同时，单片机也会控制GSM模块工作，向预先设好的手机号码发送短消息提示，让外界人员迅速采取救援措施，尽量缩小火灾的影响范围。
本设计可以实时监测空气中的烟雾浓度，并可通过LCD液晶显示屏显示测量时间和烟雾浓度值。如果烟雾浓度超过规定范围，系统会进行现场声光报警和远程短信提示，告知人们迅速采取相应的措施，以此减少事故的影响范围，其简单、实用、高效的报警流程非常适用于家庭环境。
关键词：单片机  烟雾传感器  GSM网络  火灾报警

The design and implementation of smoke alarm system based on MCU and GSM module
Abstract
Along with the rapid development of the national economy and the gradual improvement of people's living quality, the urban population density has been expanding, the household environment in the use of fire continues to increase, the potential fire hazards in domestic equipment is also increasing. Fire hazard is fatal, endangering the safety of family, threatening human life. To reduce these losses, the best way is to take measures as soon as possible. Therefore, having the automatic fire detection system which has the ability to work independently.is very necessary and useful.
This design uses smoke sensor as the signal acquisition part of the system to detect the concentration of smoke in the environment. The sensor detects the smoke concentration, and outputs the corresponding analog signal. Then through the A/D conversion circuit, analog signal is converted to the corresponding digital signal. After that, digital signal is sent into the single chip microcomputer. When the smoke concentration beyond a certain range, the microcontroller will control buzzer and the indicating lamp to operate, achieving sound and light alarm function. At the same time, the MCU will control GSM module, through sending short message to pre-set mobile phone number. So the outside world can quickly take emergency measures to minimize the losses caused by fire.
This design can monitor the smoke concentration in the environment in actual time, and through the LCD liquid crystal display screen, it can display the measuring time and the digital output. If smoke concentrations exceeding the normal range, the system will have live sound and light alarm and also sent remote SMS tips to remind people to take early steps to reduce the scope of the accident. Its simple, practical, efficient alarm process is applicable to the family environment.
Key words: MCU; smoke sensor;GSM network;Fire alarm
 

目  录
摘  要    I
Abstract    II
目  录    III
第一章  绪论    1
1.1  课题研究的背景和意义    1
1.1.1  概述    1
1.1.2  发展前景分析    1
1.1.3  烟雾报警器的发展现状及特点    1
1.2  课题研究的主要内容    2
第二章  烟雾报警器的方案设计和器件选择    3
2.1  烟雾报警器的方案设计    3
2.1.1  烟雾报警器的工作原理    3
2.1.2  烟雾报警器的主要功能    3
2.1.3  烟雾报警器的整体硬件框图    4
2.2  烟雾报警器的器件选择    5
2.2.1  主控芯片的选择    5
2.2.2  烟雾传感器的选择    7
2.2.3  ADC芯片的选择    9
2.2.4  LCD液晶显示屏的选择    10
2.2.5  GSM模块的选择    11
第三章  烟雾报警器的硬件电路设计    14
3.1  烟雾报警器的硬件电路设计    14
3.1.1  MQ-2烟雾传感器检测电路    14
3.1.2  ADC电路    15
3.1.3  LCD液晶显示电路    16
3.1.4  指示灯电路    17
3.1.5  蜂鸣器电路    18
3.1.6  GSM通信电路    18
第四章  烟雾报警器的软件设计    20
4.1  软件流程设计    20
4.1.1  总体程序流程设计    20
4.1.2  报警程序流程设计    21
4.1.3  GSM程序流程设计    21
4.1.4  A/D转换程序流程设计    23
4.1.5  LCD显示程序设计    25
第五章  烟雾报警器的系统调试    27
5.1  系统调试    27
5.1.1  调试过程    27
5.1.2  调试结果    29
第六章  总结与展望    31
6.1  总结    31
6.2  展望    31
参考文献    33
附录 1  电路原理图    35
致  谢    36